Revised optical air mass tables and approximation formula
Fritz Kasten, Andrew T. Young. Applied Optics 28(22), 1989, 4735-4738.
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- peer-reviewed
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- article
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The standard closed-form approximation for optical air mass as a function of (apparent) zenith angle, valid all the way to the horizon, where the naive sec(z) diverges. Bibliographic details verified directly against the publisher record at opg.optica.org (Optica Publishing Group, formerly the Optical Society), cross-checked against pveducation.org's citation of the same paper, and the DOI resolves. This is the formula generally meant by "the Kasten-Young airmass formula" in solar-energy and atmospheric-optics software (e.g. pvlib). See also young-1994-air-mass-refraction, a later refinement by the same second author for use with true (unrefracted) rather than apparent zenith angle.
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- Heliacal Risings
- The airmass formula the sky view dims by, which stays finite at the horizon where the naive secant of the zenith angle diverges.