All sources

Ioannis Bayeri Uranometria omnium asterismorum continens schemata (digitised copy, ETH-Bibliothek Zürich, Rar 8931)

ETH-Bibliothek Zürich. , 2010.

Verification

Tier A Author, title, publisher and year checked against a publisher record, catalogue or scan. Entries may cite this.

Reliability

primary-source

Kind

web

Identifiers

• publisher or record page

Accessed

2026-07-31

The digitisation actually used for the three aligned plates (Orion, Ursa Major, Taurus) in public/atlas/, as a licensing question separate from the 1603 work itself: see bayer-1603-uranometria.yaml for the atlas. Fetched at 300 dpi via e-rara's own PDF export (https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/download/pdf/77412) and IIIF image service (https://www.e-rara.ch/i3f/v20/77412/manifest, canvas dimensions confirmed identical to the PDF's embedded raster, so nothing higher-resolution was available to fetch). LICENCE, verified directly: the record page states the item is marked Public Domain, and e-rara's own terms-of-use page (https://www.e-rara.ch/wiki/termsOfUse) states its digitisations may be used freely for scientific, private, non-commercial and commercial purposes, requesting only source attribution (institution, holding shelfmark and the persistent DOI) in return, which this project's manifest.json and the note above both carry. CANDIDATES CHECKED AND REJECTED before this one: - Wikimedia Commons (e.g. File:ORION_Uranometria_orion.jpg) states the image is "courtesy of the United States Naval Observatory Library, who gives explicit permission to use it so long as attribution is attached", but that permission is an unlinked claim by the uploader with no cited permission letter, URL or other traceable document, and a search of the USNO Library's own site found no digitisation project or public statement corroborating it. That is exactly the "Commons file's own licence tag is a claim by an uploader" case this project's own standard requires tracing to the holding institution rather than accepting; since it could not be traced, it was not used. - The Library of Congress holds a copy (Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection) but the specific digitised item page returned HTTP 403 to an automated fetch and no IIIF/direct-image access was confirmed; it was left unpursued once e-rara's terms were already confirmed favourable and its IIIF access already working. - The Linda Hall Library's "Out of This World" exhibition displays Uranometria pages but as a curated exhibition, not a full-plate archival image service with a stated reuse licence for individual pages; not checked further for the same reason as the Library of Congress. e-rara/ETH-Bibliothek was chosen because it is the only candidate whose reuse terms for this specific item were confirmed in writing on an institutional page, with a working, unauthenticated, full-resolution image service.